Raspberry Pi 5 No Wi-Fi
There is an issue with older versions of the Raspberry Pi 5 firmware (EEPROM) that can cause problems with Wi-Fi, particularly when booting from USB. If you're booting from a USB drive and the network isn't coming up, make an image of Raspberry Pi OS Lite (or normal or full, but Lite takes the least amount of time to download and write to a card), remove the USB disk, and boot from the SD card. Once the Pi has booted up and is visible on the network, connect to it and run the following:
sudo apt update; sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Once that process completes, run this to update the EEPROM code on the Pi:
sudo rpi-eeprom-update
You should now see output that shows what firmware version your Pi currently has and whether there's a newer version available. If your firmware is old (pre-April 2024), run the following to update it:
sudo rpi-eeprom-update -a
Once that's done, shut down the Pi, remove the SD card, reconnect the USB boot device, and (hopefully) the Pi will boot from it.
Reference: https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/1837